Market Extra: S&P 500 exits longest bear market since 1948. What stock-market history says about what happens next.

• The S&P 500 had been in bear-market territory for 248 trading days; the longest bear market since the 484 trading days ending on May 15, 1948.

• Excluding this most recent bear market, the average bear market lasts 142 trading days.

• It took 164 trading days from the bear-market low to exit; the longest period from bear-market low to exiting a bear market since the 191 trading day period ending July 25, 1958.

• Excluding this bear market, the average bear-market low to bear-market exit is 61 trading days.

• The index fell 25.43% from its recent high to its bear-market low, on a closing basis.

• The index is still 10.5% off from its record close of 4796.56, set on Jan. 3, 2022.

Under the criteria used by Dow Jones Market Data and many other market watchers, a 20% rise from a recent low signals the start of a bull market while a 20% fall signals the start of a bear market. That means the market is always in either a bull or bear market. Also, the market doesn’t hop into and out of either a bull or bear each time it crosses the threshold again. It takes another 10% or 20% move in the opposite direction to change the status.

See: How a hawkish Fed could kill a baby bull-market rally in U.S. stocks

So what does history say about what happens next? A look by Dow Jones Market Data at median and average performance following past bear-market exits, based on data stretching back to 1929, is largely positive for periods from one month to a year (see table below).

But there’s a lot of variability. Here’s a closer look at what happened after each exit:

The table shows that bear exits usually — but not always — lead to durable bull markets.

In One Chart: Why stock-market bulls must beware of ‘bogus bear-market bottoms’

As noted earlier by Sam Stovall, chief investment strategist at CFRA, of the 14 bear markets since WWII, only two — 2000-’02 and 2007-’09 –– produced exits that saw the S&P 500 quickly slump back into a bear market by declining more than 20%.

See: Here’s the main driver of the S&P 500’s bull-market rally, according to Fundstrat’s Tom Lee

Stocks were boosted Thursday after a rise in first-time jobless claims appeared to reinforce expectations the Federal Reserve will leave rates unchanged when it meets next week.

Stocks eked out another round of gains on Friday. The S&P 500 rising 4.93 points, or 0.1%, to close at 4,298.86, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average
DJIA,
+0.13%
gained 43.17 points, or 0.1%, and the Nasdaq Composite
COMP,
+0.16%
ticked up 0.2%.

The Nasdaq exited a bear market on May 8, while the Dow exited its bear on Nov. 30.

Mark Hulbert: What the S&P 500’s new bull market tells us about what’s to come